Mechanical properties of heat-treated organic foams

Abstract

The mechanical properties of a class of cellular material were measured. The composition of the material was progressively modified, while its pore structure was kept unchanged. Rigid foam, prepared from a thermoset resin, was gradually converted into reticulated vitreous carbon foam by pyrolysis at increasingly higher heat-treatment temperatures (HHT). The corresponding changes in the Young's modulus $Y$ and the compressive strength $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ of the materials were measured over a wide range of porosities. The materials exhibit a percolation behavior with a zero percolation threshold. At very low densities the Young's modulus and the compressive strength appear to follow the power laws predicted by percolation theory near the percolation threshold. But, whereas the exponent $\ensuremath{\tau}$ associated with the power-law behavior of $Y$ appears to vary significantly with the material's density and the HHT, the exponent associated with $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ does not change much. The possible cause of the apparent and surprising nonuniversality of $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is discussed in detail, in the light of the fact that only the materials' composition varies, not the structure of their pore space that could have caused the nonuniversality.