Abstract
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite is one of the most applicable materials used in civil infrastructures, as it has been proven advantageous in terms of high strength and stiffness to weight ratio and anti-corrosion. The performance of FRP under elevated temperatures has gained significant attention among academia and industry. A comprehensive review on experimental and numerical studies investigating the mechanical performance of FRP composites subjected to elevated temperatures, ranging from ambient to fire condition, is presented in this paper. Over 100 research papers on the mechanical properties of FRP materials including tensile, compressive, flexural and shear strengths and moduli are reviewed. Although they report dispersed data, several interesting conclusions can be drawn from these studies. In general, exposure to elevated temperatures near and above the resin glass transition temperature, Tg, has detrimental effects on the mechanical characteristics of FRP materials. On the other hand, elevated temperatures below Tg can cause low levels of degradation. Discussions are made on degradation mechanisms of different FRP members. This review outlines recommendations for future works. The behaviour of FRP composites under elevated temperatures provides a comprehensive understanding based on the database presented. In addition, a foundation for determining predictive models for FRP materials exposed to elevated temperatures could be laid using the finding that this review presents.
Highlights
Fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) have become significantly useful in repair, rehabilitation [1] and strengthening of masonry [2] or reinforced concrete (RC) structural members [3].Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) are the principle option for the rehabilitation and strengthening of the existing structures [4].For example, in many cases, fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) sheets and ropes have been used for strengthening/retrofitting of existing deficient and/or damaged concrete structural members [5,6].multi-story buildings, parking garages, offshore and industrial structures as well as bridges and piers [7,8] are among the numerous potential applications that exist for FRPs
The impressive measure of examinations on the presentation of FRP materials under raised temperatures has permitted accomplishing a decent degree of comprehension with respect to the fire/raised temperature response properties of most basic FRP materials utilised in common construction (e.g., FRP bars, profiles, sheets, etc.) [43,44,45,46]
Similar to FRP reinforcing bars, different failure mechanisms will occur in FRP laminates when subjected to different elevated temperature ranges: (1) When the temperature is below Tg, the failure mode is brittle, and fibres are still surrounded by the resin matrix
Summary
Fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) have become significantly useful in repair, rehabilitation [1] and strengthening of masonry [2] or reinforced concrete (RC) structural members [3]. It is worth mentioning that the value of Presidual with increasing temperature, at which point the composite has reached to the melting region, in which propertythat deceases beyond softening temperature It ismechanical worth mentioning the region, in the which the mechanical property deceases the statethe of the rein matrix from brittle to a rubbery state) is the glass transition range. The impressive measure of examinations on the presentation of FRP materials under raised temperatures has permitted accomplishing a decent degree of comprehension with respect to the fire/raised temperature response properties of most basic FRP materials utilised in common construction (e.g., FRP bars, profiles, sheets, etc.) [43,44,45,46] Such performance varies according to the FRP type and its application in the structure [22,47,48,49,50]. The research on the behaviour of other fibres, such as basalt, is limited and the conclusions drawn are less reliable for those types of composites
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