Mechanical properties of diamond lattice Ti–6Al–4V structures produced by laser powder bed fusion: On the effect of the load direction

Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) techniques have been increasingly adopted for the production of highly personalized and customized lightweight structures and bio-medical implants. L-PBF can be used with a multiplicity of materials including several grades of titanium. Due to its biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and low density-to-strength ratio, Ti–6Al–4V is one of the most widely used titanium alloys to be processed via L-PBF for the production of orthopedic implants and lightweight structures.Mechanical properties of L-PBF Ti–6Al–4V lattice structures have mostly been studied in uniaxial compression and lately, also in tension. However, in real-life applications, orthopedic implants or lightweight structures in general are subjected to more complex stress conditions and the load directions can be different from the principal axes of the unit cell.In this research, the mechanical behavior of Ti–6Al–4V diamond based lattice structures produced by L-PBF is investigated exploring the energy absorption and failure modes of these metamaterials when the loading directions are different from the principal axis of the unit cell. Moreover, the impact of a heat treatment (i.e. hot isostatic pressing) on the mechanical properties of the aforementioned lattice structures has been evaluated. Results indicate that the mechanical response of the lattice structures is significantly influenced by the direction of the applied load with respect to the unit cell reference system revealing the anisotropic behavior of the diamond unit cell.