Mechanical Properties of Composites Reinforced with Technical Embroidery Made of Flax Fibers

Agata Poniecka,Mariusz Urbaniak,Marcin Barburski

doi:10.2478/aut-2021-0025

Abstract

Abstract The main purpose of the article is to present the new possibilities of producing composite reinforcement with the use of a computer embroidery machine. This kind of production is in line with the principles of sustainable development. The study below presents the results of strength tests of composites containing sevenfold embroidery systems. Each variant included different directions of arrangement of individual layers as a reinforcement. Flax roving was used to strengthen the composite. Flax fibers are characterized by the highest strength among all-natural fibers, at the level of 50–80 cN/tex. The composite was made using the vacuum bag method, using epoxy resin. The embroidery was made on a ZSK embroidery machine, type JCZA 0109-550. The test material was subjected to strength tests—tensile strength, tensile elongation, and bending strength, on the INSTRON machine. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the arrangement of the roving in the direction of the tensile force allowed to obtain the best mechanical properties.

Highlights

Embroidery is primarily associated with the traditional art of decorating textiles with a needle and a thread or a yarn
Natural fibers are especially recommended in cases where it is important to reduce production costs and where it can compete with artificial glass fibers (E-glass fiber), where high stiffness per unit mass is desired [2,3,4,5,6,7]
With an elongation of about 0.3%, we can notice a change in the slope of the graphs. This is a characteristic tensile feature of the composites. This indicates a crack in the first layer of the composite, reaching the so-called first-ply failure state, and irreversible changes will arise

Summary

Introduction

Embroidery is primarily associated with the traditional art of decorating textiles with a needle and a thread or a yarn. Traces of its use can be found in almost every culture, and it has its origins in ancient times. It can be assigned with a utilitarian function (sewing and repairing clothes), a decorative one, in the 19th century, it rose to the rank of art, and as a part of the industrial revolution, it entered the mass production [1]. It can be, for example, used to reinforce composites. This is a completely new field of industry that is not yet very popular. The biggest advantage of this solution is the ability to make a precisely planned shape without producing waste

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