Abstract

This research analyzes the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of two cold work tool steels: AISI “D2” and “O1”. Tool steels are an economical and efficient solution for manufacturers due to their superior mechanical properties. Demand for tool steels is increasing yearly due to the growth in transportation production around the world. Nevertheless, AISI “D2” and “O1” (locally made) tool steels behave differently due to the varying content of their alloying elements. There is also a lack of information regarding their mechanical properties and behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the plasticity and ductile fracture behavior of “D2” and “O1” via several experimental tests. The tool steels’ behavior under monotonic quasi-static tensile and compression tests was analyzed. The results of the experimental work showed different plasticity behavior and ductile fracture among the two tool steels. Before fracture, clear necking appeared on “O1” tool steel, whereas no signs of necking occurred on “D2” tool steel. In addition, the fracture surface of “O1” tool steel showed cup–cone fracture mode, and “D2” tool steel showed a flat surface fracture mode. The dimple-like structures in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that both tool steels had a ductile fracture mode.

Highlights

  • In the machining and forming industry, tool steels were invented to increase manufacturing economic efficiency due to their enhanced mechanical properties, such as high strength, wear resistance, hardness, and toughness

  • The dimple-like structures in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that both tool steels had a ductile fracture mode

  • The results showed an improvement in fracture toughness, reduction in residual stresses, and no change in hardness and modulus values

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Summary

Introduction

In the machining and forming industry, tool steels were invented to increase manufacturing economic efficiency due to their enhanced mechanical properties, such as high strength, wear resistance, hardness, and toughness. Metal machining and forming are essential for metal part production in many industries. The automotive industry, for example, has experienced an increase in car production, which has led to an increase in the demand for tool steels. The vast increase in production has resulted in substantial growth in the metal forming industry, at a rate of 3%. Tool steels are categorized into six classes: cold work, hot work, shock resisting, mold, high speed, and special-purpose tool steels [2]. The most important class of all is cold work tool steels. This research investigated two types of cold work tool steel that have a high content of carbon:

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