Abstract
This paper analyzes concrete fine aggregate (sand) modification by scrap tire rubber particles-fine crumb rubber (FCR) and coarse crumb rubber (CCR) of fraction 0/1 mm. Such rubberized concrete to get better bonding properties were modified by car-boxylated styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex and to gain the strength were modified by glass waste. The following tests—slump test, fresh concrete density, fresh concrete air content, compressive strength, flexural strength, fracture energy, freezing-thawing, porosity parameter, and scanning electron microscope—were conducted for rubberized concretes. From experiments, we can see that fresh concrete properties decreased when crumb rubber content has increased. Mostly it is related to crumb rubber (CR) lower specific gravity nature and higher fineness compared with changed fine aggregate-sand. In this research, we obtained a slight loss of compressive strength when CR was used in concrete However, these rubberized concretes with a small amount of rubber provided sufficient compressive strength results (greater than 50 MPa). Due to the pozzolanic reaction, we see that compressive strength results after 56 days in glass powder modified samples increased by 11–13% than 28 days com-pressive strengths, while at the same period control samples increased its compressive strength about 2.5%. Experiments have shown that the flexural strength of rubberized concrete with small amounts of CR increased by 3.4–15.8% compared to control mix, due the fact that rubber is an elastic material and it will absorb high energy and perform positive bending toughness. The test results indicated that CR can intercept the tensile stress in concrete and make the deformation more plastic. Fracturing of such conglomerate concrete is not brittle, there is no abrupt post-peak load drop and gradually continues after the maximum load is exceeded. Such concrete requires much higher fracture energy. It was obtained that FCR particles (lower than A300) will entrap more micropores content than coarse rubbers because due to their high specific area. Freezing-thawing results have confirmed that Kf values can be conveniently used to predict freeze-thaw resistance and durability of concrete. The test has shown that modification of concrete with 10 kg fine rubber waste will lead to similar mechanical and durability properties of concrete as was obtained in control concrete with 2 kg of prefabricated air bubbles.
Highlights
The road network is of vital importance for every country as part of their economic growth
Crumb rubber granulometry was done according to EN 933-1 (Figure 1), the air content of compacted fresh concrete was determined according to standard EN 12350-7, the slump according to standard EN 12350-2, the density of hardened concrete specimens according to standard EN 12390-6, the compressive strength of hardened concrete according to standard EN 12390-3, the flexural strength test was carried out according to EN
Different mixes were made under laboratory conditions to determine the effect of crumb rubber addition on the durability properties of hardened concrete: reference mix with prefabricated air bubbles (Control), concrete with different fineness and amounts of crumb rubber, rubberized concrete with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex and rubberized SBR latex modified concrete with glass powder wastes were prepared (Table 2) for the study
Summary
The road network is of vital importance for every country as part of their economic growth. In European Union countries, almost 90% of roads are of bituminous pavement. The maintenance costs of bituminous pavement is high compared to the construction costs [1]. The damaged asphalt layer can be covered by cement concrete instead of bituminous concrete and it is known as a whitetopping. Whitetopping construction consists of two important techniques: (1) milling machine (used to remove the destructed asphalt layer’s thickness), (2) slip form paver (used to lay cement concrete) [2]. The initial cost of cement concrete is high compared to bituminous material. The main advantage of cement concrete is its high albedo value compared to bituminous concrete
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