Abstract
The additive manufacturing (AM) technique has attracted attention as one of the fully customizable medical material technologies. In addition, the development of new surface treatments has been investigated to improve the osteogenic ability of the AM titanium (Ti) plate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic activity of the AM Ti with mixed-acid and heat (MAH) treatment. Fully customized AM Ti plates were created with a curvature suitable for rat calvarial bone, and they were examined in a group implanted with the MAH-treated Ti in comparison with the untreated (UN) group. The AM Ti plates were fixed to the surface of rat calvarial bone, followed by extraction of the calvarial bone 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation. The bonding between the bone and Ti was evaluated mechanically. In addition, AM Ti plates removed from the bone were examined histologically by electron microscopy and Villanueva–Goldner stain. The mechanical evaluation showed significantly stronger bone-bonding in the MAH group than in the UN group. In addition, active bone formation was seen histologically in the MAH group. Therefore, these findings indicate that MAH resulted in rapid and strong bonding between cortical bone and Ti.
Highlights
Bone defects caused by trauma and tumor in the maxillofacial region require highly advanced reconstructive surgery, such as free vascularized autologous bone grafts using vascular anastomoses of the tibia and scapula
We considered that the additive manufacturing (AM) Ti plate with mixed-acid and heat (MAH) treatment perform strong bone bonding and early bone formation, and that MAH treatment is an effective approach for prevention of the reconstructive plate fracture and surgical site infection
Bone bonding of AM Ti plates treated with MAH under the condition of being placed on the bone surface was mechanically evaluated in the present study
Summary
Bone defects caused by trauma and tumor in the maxillofacial region require highly advanced reconstructive surgery, such as free vascularized autologous bone grafts using vascular anastomoses of the tibia and scapula. Autologous grafting of bones, including the tibia, fibula, and femur, has been performed for the reconstruction of hard tissues, such as bones lost due to trauma, inflammation, and tumor, and good outcomes have been reported [1,2,3]. Additive manufacturing (AM) using the selective laser technique, which creates artificial bone with Ti particles based on CT scans of a patient, has attracted attention [13,14,15]. Inoue et al [16]
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