Mechanical engineering in automotive innovation: A review of electric vehicles and future trends

Abstract

This paper provides a succinct overview of the extensive landscape of automotive innovation within the realm of mechanical engineering, focusing on the transformative emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) and the anticipated future trends in this dynamic field. As the automotive industry undergoes a paradigm shift towards sustainable and eco-friendly transportation solutions, the role of mechanical engineering in shaping the future of mobility becomes increasingly pivotal. The review begins by delving into the evolution of electric vehicles, tracing their historical development and highlighting key milestones that have propelled them from niche alternatives to mainstream contenders in the automotive market. A comprehensive examination of the underlying mechanical engineering principles governing EV design and performance is presented, emphasizing advancements in battery technology, electric drivetrains, and energy management systems. The document scrutinizes current challenges and opportunities associated with electric vehicles, addressing issues such as range anxiety, charging infrastructure, and the environmental impact of battery production and disposal. It explores ongoing research efforts within the field of mechanical engineering aimed at overcoming these challenges and enhancing the overall efficiency, safety, and sustainability of electric vehicles. Furthermore, the paper outlines the anticipated future trends in automotive innovation, providing insights into cutting-edge technologies and methodologies poised to shape the next generation of electric vehicles. Topics include advancements in materials science for lightweight construction, artificial intelligence integration for autonomous driving, and the integration of renewable energy sources to further enhance the environmental footprint of EVs. This review underscores the pivotal role of mechanical engineering in the ongoing revolution of automotive technology, emphasizing the transformative impact of electric vehicles and offering a glimpse into the exciting future trends that will define the landscape of sustainable mobility.