Abstract
Osteoporosis leads to increased bone fragility, thus effective approaches enhancing bone strength are needed. Hence, this study investigated the effect of single or combined application of high-frequency (HF) loading through whole body vibration (WBV) and alendronate (ALN) on the mechanical competence of ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic bone. Thirty-four female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (shOVX) and divided into five groups: shOVX, OVX-shWBV, OVX-WBV, ALN-shWBV and ALN-WBV. (Sham)WBV loading was applied for 10 min/day (130 to 150 Hz at 0.3g) for 14 days and ALN at 2 mg/kg/dose was administered 3x/week. Finite element analysis based on micro-CT was employed to assess bone biomechanical properties, relative to bone micro-structural parameters. HF loading application to OVX resulted in an enlarged cortex, but it was not able to improve the biomechanical properties. ALN prevented trabecular bone deterioration and increased bone stiffness and bone strength of OVX bone. Finally, the combination of ALN with HF resulted in an increased cortical thickness in OVX rats when compared to single treatments. Compared to HF loading, ALN treatment is preferred for improving the compromised mechanical competence of OVX bone. In addition, the association of ALN with HF loading results in an additive effect on the cortical thickness.
Highlights
Limitations and side effects that affect long-term administration and patient’s adherence[7,8,9]
Impaired bone strength associated with altered bone turnover might result from decreases in the amount of bone mass, changes in bone micro-architecture or geometry, in the biophysical properties of bone tissue, or even from a combination of all of the above[30]
This increased bone fragility is a result of the negative bone multicelullar unit balance induced by estrogen withdrawal after ovariectomy, which is the morphological basis of bone loss and structural deterioration[31]
Summary
Limitations and side effects that affect long-term administration and patient’s adherence[7,8,9]. Fracture risk cannot be directly inferred from BMD, and surrogates for assessment of bone mechanical competence that consider bone geometric aspects are needed In this context, finite element (FE) analysis provides an approach to assess bone biomechanical properties[17,18], when combined with specimen-specific high-resolution data obtained from micro-computed tomography, from which the bone micro-architecture can be obtained[19]. The aims of the present study were: (i) to investigate the effect of single or combined application of HF WBV and ALN on the mechanical competence of bone originating from osteoporotic animals; and (ii) to determine how the changes in trabecular and cortical bone micro-structure after these interventions contribute to the bone biomechanical properties
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