Mechanical behaviour, in-vitro analysis, hemocompatibility and study of human osteosarcoma cell line proliferation of TiO2 substituted 1393-B3 borate glass

Abstract

This investigation aimed to study the effects of adding TiO2 on many aspects of 1393-B3 glasses, including their physio-chemical, mechanical parameters, crystallization behaviour, in-vitro bioactivity, hemocompatibility, and cellular viability. Here, we replaced 1393 glass silica with boric oxide to determine a more effective alternative. 1393-B3 bioactive glasses having the general weight % composition (53-X) B2O3, 6 Na2O, 5 MgO, 20 CaO, 12 K2O, 4 P2O5, X TiO2 (where X = 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 %) were prepared using solid-state melt quenching method in platinum crucible at 1100 °C for 2 h in an electric furnace with air as furnace atmosphere. This research aimed to investigate the complete substitution of 1393 glass silica with boric oxide in order to get a reduced melting temperature forming 1393-B3. The objective was to develop a more energy-efficient and economical bioactive glass. Thermal analysis of the samples was obtained up to 700 °C. To evaluate the in-vitro bioactivity, the samples were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). These materials undergo XRD, FTIR, and SEM/EDAX analysis both before and after soaking in SBF. These characterization results show the presence of a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer forming on the samples of the bioactive glass surface. The haemolysis process performed on human blood shows its haemocompatibility result. To test these results for the human body. We performed cell proliferation and cell compatibility on the MG-63 cell line to see its effect on osteosarcoma patients. Density (2.31–2.48 gm/cm3), pH value (7.4–8.86), and mechanical parameters such as compressive strength (98–125 MPa), flexural strength (33–54), and elasticity are measured. As a result, physio-chemical, mechanical, biological properties and in-vitro bioactivity of these samples were obtained with increasing concentration of TiO2 in 1393-B3 borate bioactive glass and found to increase with increasing concentration of TiO2.