Mechanical Behaviour and Finite Element Analysis of Biomaterials: A Review

Abstract

AbstractThere is an ever-increasing demand for novel biomaterials used as implants and equipment due to the continuous advancement of technology in the medical field. Biocompatibility is the prominent feature accompanied by the use of biomaterials in medical devices. In addition, the investigation of the mechanical behaviour of biomaterials is another critical parameter. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of biomaterials before being utilized in medical implants. The properties required to be estimated include performance under the applied load, fatigue strength, fracture behaviour and bending properties. Experimental methods are costly and need more time to determine the mechanical properties than the Finite Element Methods (FEM). The FEM is a computational analysis that extends its usage from the medical device to biomaterials and estimates designs in tissue sequestration. Finite element simulation enables to identify the fracture behavio through deformation in biomaterials. In recent years, various modeling and simulation of biomaterials have been investigated through FEM in biomechanics. FEM has been extensively used to recognize a high-stress zone area that facilitates implant design and imitates the microstructure of the substance. The current investigation presents mechanical behavio and FEM related to mechanics of biomaterials, including stress and deformation analysis, elastic modulus and fracture analysis. Finally, the future scope of the study based on the extensive review is reported for the researchers working in the field of biomaterial.KeywordsBiomaterialsMechanical behaviourFinite element method