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Abstract
This study investigates the effects of calcined and uncalcined eggshell particles (ESP) and sisal fiber (SF) on the mechanical and wear properties of eggshell particles/sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Egg shell was processed to obtain calcined and uncalcined egg shell particulate of −43 μm and sisal fibers was extracted by soil retting and treated with NaOH. The composite was developed using the hand lay-up method by blending the selected materials in predetermined proportions. SEM/EDS and XRD of the egg shell particles were carried out while mechanical and wear properties of the developed composites were evaluated. SEM images of the fracture surfaces were also examined. The results showed that eggshell particles contain CaCO3 and the uncalcined ESP/SF reinforced epoxy composite showed improved properties than the calcined ESP/SF composites in most of the tests performed. Also, it was observed that most of the tests gave the best results at different weight fractions. However, 3 wt. % emerged as the weight fraction with optimum values.
Highlights
Due to environmental pollution and petroleum depletion, development of composites using natural fibers has been given great attention from scientists and researchers globally recently (Faruk et al 2014, Dinesh et al 2019)
Natural fiber composites have been studied by many researchers, among them, Oladele et al (2014) investigated the effect of water on treated and untreated sisal fibre reinforced polypropylene composites for use in ceiling applications and the result showed that the chemical treatment enhanced the mechanical and water absorption properties of the composites
Araya et al (2019) investigated the mechanical properties of sisal reinforced composites as function of epoxy- matrix and they observed that 30 wt% of sisal fiber-reinforced composites have the maximum tensile and flexural strength of 85.5 MPa and 85.79 MPa respectively and the impact strength has been found to be maximum for 40 wt% sisal fiber which is 24.5 kJ m−2
Summary
Due to environmental pollution and petroleum depletion, development of composites using natural fibers has been given great attention from scientists and researchers globally recently (Faruk et al 2014, Dinesh et al 2019). Natural fiber composites have been studied by many researchers, among them, Oladele et al (2014) investigated the effect of water on treated and untreated sisal fibre reinforced polypropylene composites for use in ceiling applications and the result showed that the chemical treatment enhanced the mechanical and water absorption properties of the composites. Stanislav and Miroslav (2017) carried out a study on the effect of egg shell microparticles on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin to determine the influence of the filler content in the structure of the composite and he observed that there was enhancement in the tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness and a good wettability between the microparticles and the polymer was observed from the SEM micrograph. Selected properties of some vegetable fibres were as shown in table 1 to substantiate the choice of sisal fibre
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