Mechanical and Water-Resistant Properties of Eco-Friendly Chitosan Membrane Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Haiquan Mao,Yongyang Gong,Shiqi Wang,Wenwen Ding,Chun Wei

doi:10.3390/polym11010166

Abstract

Environmentally benign and biodegradable chitosan (CS) membranes have disadvantages such as low mechanical strength, high brittleness, poor heat resistance and poor water resistance, which limit their applications. In this paper, home-made cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were added to CS to prepare CNC/CS composite membranes through mechanical mixing and solution casting approaches. The effects of CNC dispersion patterns and CNC contents on the properties of composite membranes were studied. The analysis of the surface and cross-section morphology of the membranes showed that the dispersion performance of the composite membrane was better in the case that CNC was dissolved in an acetic acid solution and then mixed with chitosan by a homogenizer (Method 2). CNC had a great length-diameter ratio and CNC intensely interacted with CS. The mechanical properties of the composite membrane prepared with Method 2 were better. With a CNC content of 3%, the tensile strength of the composite membrane reached 43.0 MPa, 13.2% higher than that of the CNC-free membrane. The elongation at break was 41.6%, 56.4% higher than that of the CNC-free membrane. Thermogravimetric, contact angle and swelling analysis results showed that the addition of CNC could improve the heat and water resistance of the chitosan membrane.

Highlights

In the 66 years between 1950 and 2015, the world produced 8.3 billion tons of plastic, but 6.3 billion tons of which went to waste
cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)/CS composite membranes were successfully prepared via mechanical mixing and solution casting
Morphologies of theand surface and composite were membranes were successfully prepared The via mechanical mixing solution cross-section were observed bycompact, SEM anduniform

Summary

Introduction

In the 66 years between 1950 and 2015, the world produced 8.3 billion tons of plastic, but 6.3 billion tons of which went to waste. 9% was recycled, 12% was burned, and 79% was buried in soil or dispersed in nature [1]. 99% of the plastics were produced from unsustainable petroleum [2]. In spite of excellent properties, these are not recyclable and difficult to biodegrade. As a result, limited petroleum resources are consumed, the environment is polluted, and human health and the ecological environment are endangered. Biopolymers are considered to be the most promising alternatives to petroleum-based polymers, because they can greatly reduce the dependence on petroleum and reduce environmental pollution

Results

Discussion

Conclusion