Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for materials that are both eco-friendly and cost-effective while maintaining high performance levels. Design engineers and researchers are increasingly turning to advanced materials as substitutes for traditional metals and alloys. Journal bearings, integral components of machinery and engines, play a crucial role in their operation, significantly impacting efficiency, operational costs, system longevity, and reliability. The pursuit of eco-friendly and high-performance materials has spurred notable progress in tribological research, particularly concerning journal bearings. This study offers a comprehensive examination of lead-free composite materials for journal bearings, delving into various types such as polymers, ceramics, and metallic alloys. It meticulously evaluates their mechanical and tribological properties, as well as their microstructural characteristics. The insights gleaned from this review are invaluable for engineers and researchers seeking to enhance the design and performance of journal bearings while aligning with environmental regulations and sustainability objectives.
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