Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Reinforced with Rubberwood Fiber

Abstract

An additive manufacturing (AM) has become very popular due to its simplicity in producing complicated products using just one process due to the layer-by-layer addition of material, which makes it possible for more complicated products to be created. The constraint of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) printed components with inadequate mechanical qualities has prevented AM from being widely adopted by numerous industries. The mechanical and thermal qualities of FFF printed components which is a pure polymer could be enhanced by reinforcing the wood fiber into the polymer. In this study, the twin-screw extruder was used to produce the wood plastic composites (WPCs) filaments, which were made with ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) as the matrix material and 1-3wt% rubberwood fiber (RWF) for reinforcement. The effects of the extrusion parameter, such as the volume fraction of RWF and the temperature of the extrusion process, on the 3D-printed WPCs samples were investigated. The experimental results of 3D-printed WPC sample were found that the highest compressive strength value is 24.3 MPa, obtained from the rubberwood 1wt% at the extrusion temperature 218 °C whereas the pure ABS filaments obtaining from the commercial and extrusion process gave the values of 28.9 and 14.5 MPa, respectively. The highest value of tensile strength is 8.4 MPa with the rubberwood 2wt% and temperature 198 °C whereas the pure ABS filaments obtaining from the commercial and extrusion process gave the values of 10.9 and 7.4 MPa, respectively. The morphological analysis of the 3D-printed WPC sample was observed to exhibit an effect of printing process. The result showed that an increasing temperature of extrusion process increases both tensile and compressive strengths of the samples whereas an increasing amount of fiber increases the tensile strength but decreased the compressive strength. Analysis of variance demonstrated linear factor and 2-way interaction factor of the extrusion parameter influence on compression and tensile strength significantly. The rubberwood 2wt% and the temperature 218 °C was suggested to achieve the suitable condition for extrusion process for the 3D-printed WPC sample. In addition, the discussions were supported with the thermal properties achieved from Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.