Abstract
In this study, three-layered Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) manufactured from Acacia mangium wood panels were developed by using two different types of adhesives, namely, phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) and one-component polyurethane (PUR). The aim of this work is to investigate and compare the physical and mechanical properties of CLT manufactured using PRF and PUR adhesives. Water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and delamination of both types of samples were investigated as their physical properties. PRF-bonded CLT showed better physical properties than PUR-bonded CLT. In terms of mechanical properties, bending test, shear modulus, and compression parallel to grain were studied. The results revealed that global modulus of elasticity (Em,g) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of panels bonded with PRF adhesive were higher than three-layered panels made from PUR adhesive. Meanwhile, shear modulus (G) of PRF-bonded CLT was 116.50 N/mm2, 20% higher than that of the PUR-bonded CLT which recorded a shear modulus value of 92.48 N/mm2. As for compressive properties, the MOE in compression (Ec,0) and compression strength (fc,0) of the PRF-bonded CLT (5304 N/mm2 and 28.99 N/mm2, respectively) was slightly higher compared to that of the PUR-bonded (4787 N/mm2 and 28.14 N/mm2, respectively). Three main types of bending failure modes were observed in the CLT samples, namely, rolling shear, glue-line failure, and tension. The failure modes of shear were observed by two ways, which is delamination and rolling shear. Lastly, shearing, splitting, and crushing were recorded in compression failure modes.
Highlights
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood that was developed in Austria in the 1970s and 1980s [1]
It can be seen a similar trend was observed for both thickness swelling (TS) and Water absorption (WA) in CLT made from phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) and PUR adhesives
The following conclusion can be drawn: 1. Three-layered PRF- and PUR-bonded A. mangium CLT has been successfully manufactured in this study and the results revealed that the mechanical properties of the CLT panels were more or less the same with literature studies
Summary
Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) is an engineered wood that was developed in Austria in the 1970s and 1980s [1]. A typical CLT is a rectangularshaped product made from at least three orthogonally bonded lamellae of lumbers which are bonded on top. In Malaysia, CLT is still in its beginning phase, a lot of development works is needed to facilitate CLT production using domestic wood. Extensive research and works comprising raw materials screening, manufacturing process, Mohd Yusof et al J Wood Sci (2019) 65:20 testing, manual development, standard, and certification as well as design and prototyping are necessary. Selection of suitable raw material, which is the prerequisite and foundation for quality CLT production, is of utmost importance. Hardwood normally have strength comparable or greater than that of softwood of the same density can be good raw material for CLT production
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