Abstract
The need for renewable alternatives for fossil-based aromatic material constituents is evident for a more sustainable society. Lignin is the largest source of naturally occurring aromatic compounds ...
Highlights
Lignin is an abundant, aromatic, naturally occurring biopolymer that has gained, and is gaining, increased interest for material applications.[1−8] This is because there is a drive to find suitable, renewable replacements for crude-oil-based aromatic monomers such as bisphenol A.2,3 The aromatic structure of lignin provides a rigid component to polymeric systems forming high-Tg materials, and its phenolic as well as aliphatic hydroxyl functionalities could be used as chemical handles in various applications.[2,9,10] The molecular rigidity providing stiffness is crucial in applications such as, for example, composites where the modulus is a key property.[11]
Figure 2. 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrum with assignments (a) and the functional group abundance based on signal intensity integration (b)
All different LignoBoost Kraft lignin fractions could be selectively modified by using the allylation procedure previously developed and be cured by thermally induced thiol−ene cross-linking to produce freestanding thermoset samples for material analysis
Summary
Aromatic, naturally occurring biopolymer that has gained, and is gaining, increased interest for material applications.[1−8] This is because there is a drive to find suitable, renewable replacements for crude-oil-based aromatic monomers such as bisphenol A.2,3 The aromatic structure of lignin provides a rigid component to polymeric systems forming high-Tg materials, and its phenolic as well as aliphatic hydroxyl functionalities could be used as chemical handles in various applications.[2,9,10] The molecular rigidity providing stiffness is crucial in applications such as, for example, composites where the modulus is a key property.[11]. In the Kraft process, the most commonly used process when producing pulp, lignin is separated from its biomass by using harsh physical and chemical conditions.[2,13] This causes the lignin backbone to be cleaved, fragmented, and recombined, making it almost nonrecognizable from its source in nature.[13−16] new functional groups are introduced through, for example, oxidation reactions resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones.[2,14] technical lignin is produced in a megaton scale[2] and provides a steady stream of raw material for new potential products. The LignoBoost process is one route designed to retrieve lignin from the black liquor of the Kraft process by precipitation.[17]
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