Mechanical and microstructural response of densified silica glass under uniaxial compression: Atomistic simulations**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51727807 and 11875318), Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars, and Yue Qi Young Scholar Project in CUMTB.

Molecular dynamics simulation of shock-induced structural change and permanent densification of silica glass: The effect of initial density

This study analyzed the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund projects and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar in 11 colleges and universities.Those projects were funded by the department of life science of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in 2001- 2009.The average annual growth rate was calculated by Algebraic average method.The results showed that:① the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund project rose or dropped with the rise or drop of average annual growth rate of Science Fund Project.② the rapid growth of Youth Science Fund projects may enhance the ability of colleges and universities to gain National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar.③ the capability of colleges and universities to gain life science project funded by NSFC is not balanced among different regions,and this gap is widening,and ④ to narrow the gap between disciplines,greater effort is needed to train outstanding young scholars. Key words: College; Life science; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Youth project

Newly elected Chinese Academy of Sciences academicians in chemistry division in 2021

Are women's reproductive factors associated with physical frailty and comprehensive frailty in middle-age and later life? Early menarche at <13 years, age at menopause <45 years, surgical menopause, experiencing miscarriage and a shorter reproductive period of <35 years were associated with increased odds of frailty, while having two or three children was related to decreased likelihood of frailty. Evidence has shown that women are frailer than men in all age groups and across different populations, although women have longer lifespans. Female-specific reproductive factors may be related to risk of frailty in women. A population-based cross-sectional study involved 189898 women from the UK Biobank. Frailty phenotype and frailty index were used to assess physical frailty and comprehensive frailty (assessed using 38 health indicators for physical and mental wellbeing), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CI between reproductive factors and likelihood of physical frailty and comprehensive frailty. Restricted cubic spline models were used to test the non-linear associations between them. In addition, we examined the combined effect of categorized age at menopause and menopause hormone therapy (MHT) on frailty. There was a J-shape relationship between age at menarche, reproductive period, and frailty; age at menarche <13 years and >16 years, and reproductive period <35 years or >40 years were all associated with increased odds of frailty. There was a negative linear relationship between menopausal age (either natural or surgical) and odds of frailty. Surgical menopause was associated with 30% higher odds of physical frailty (1.34, 1.27-1.43) and 30% higher odds of comprehensive frailty (1.30, 1.25-1.35). Having two or three children was linked to the lowest likelihood of physical frailty (0.48, 0.38-0.59) and comprehensive frailty (0.72, 0.64-0.81). Experiencing a miscarriage increased the odds of frailty. MHT use was linked to increased odds of physical frailty in women with normal age at natural menopause (after 45 years), while no elevated likelihood was observed in women with early natural menopause taking MHT. The reproductive factors were self-reported and the data might be subject to recall bias. We lacked information on the types and initiation time of MHT, could not identify infertile women who later became pregnant, and the number of infertile women may be underestimated. Individuals participating in the UK Biobank are not representative of the general UK population, limiting the generalization of our findings. The reproductive factors experienced by women throughout their life course can potentially predict frailty in middle and old age. Identifying these reproductive factors as potential predictors of frailty can inform healthcare providers and policymakers about the importance of considering a woman's reproductive history when assessing their risk for frailty. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2703800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273702), Science Fund Program for Excellent Young Scholars of Shandong Province (Overseas) (2022HWYQ-030), Taishan Scholars Project Special Fund (No. tsqnz20221103), and the Qilu Young Scholar (Tier-1) Program (202099000066). All authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. N/A.

The Huckel’s rule, Baird’s rule, and electronic shell closure model are classical and well-established concepts in chemistry, which have long been employed in rationalizing the aromaticity/antiarom...

To analyze the role of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) on the development of the discipline of Ophthalmology from 1986 to 2010. Data on the total number of projects and funding of NSFC allocated to Ophthalmology, as well as papers published, awards, personnel training, subject construction were collected, and the role of NSFC on other sources of funding was evaluated. From 1986 to 2010, NSFC supported a total of 593 scientific research projects of Ophthalmology, funding a total amount of 152.44 million Yuan, among which were 371 free application projects, 156 Young Scientist Funds, 9 Key Programs, 5 National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, 3 Major international (regional) joint research programs, 1 Science Fund for Creative Research Group and 48 other projects. Over the past 25 years, the number of NSFC projects received by Ophthalmology has been an overall upward trend in the share in the Department of Life (Health) Sciences. Take the projects (186 of 292, 63.7%) as examples completed between 2002 and 2010, a total 262 papers were published in Science Citation Index (SCI) included journals and 442 papers were published in Chinese journals. Meanwhile, 8 Second prizes of National Science and Technology Progress Award and 1 State Technological Invention Award were received. As of 2010, the training of a total of more than 40 postdoctoral, more than 400 doctoral students and more than 600 graduate students have been completed. 5 national key disciplines and 1 national key laboratory have been built. Moreover, 2 "973" programs from Ministry of Science and Technology and 1 project of special fund in the public interest from Ministry of Public Health were obtained. 2 scholars were among the list of Yangtze Fund Scholars granted by Ministry of Education. Over the past 25 years, a full range of continuous funding from NSFC has led to fruitful results and a strong impetus to the progress of discipline of Ophthalmology.

It is of great significance to analyze the configuration of programs funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China using funding data in the field of preventive medicine from 2007 to 2021. The analysis mainly focused on the funding status of the program, funding amount, funded institutions and personnel. A total of 5 349 programs in the discipline of preventive medicine were funded over the last 15 years. The funding amount in this discipline accounted for a relatively low proportion in the total funding amount of the Department of Medical Sciences and this proportion also showed a decreasing trend. Non-infectious disease epidemiology, human nutrition, and health toxicology were the top three subdisciplines of all funded programs in preventive medicine. The proportion of programs led by young scholars was gradually rising over the years, and young scholars were playing an increasingly influential role in scientific research. The funding status among each subdiscipline and institution also varied. The results of this study reflected the thriving of preventive medicine. Meanwhile, some problems and dilemmas were also revealed in its current development. Hopefully, this study could provide valuable information for institutions and preventive medicine researchers to apply for National Natural Science Foundation, and promote the long-term development of preventive medicine in the future.

In this paper, a novel image encryption algorithm is presented based on self-cited pixel summation. With the classical mechanism of permutation plus diffusion, a pixel summation of the plain image is employed to make a gravity influence on the pixel positions in the permutation stage. Then, for each pixel in every step of the diffusion stage, the pixel summation calculated from the permuted image is updated. The values from a chaotic sequence generated by an intertwining logistic map are selected by this summation. Consequently, the keystreams generated in both stages are dependent on both the plain image and the permuted image. Because of the sensitivity of the chaotic map to its initial conditions and the plain-image-dependent keystreams, any tiny change in the secret key or the plain image would lead to a significantly different cipher image. As a result, the proposed encryption algorithm is immune to the known plaintext attack (KPA) and the chosen plaintext attack (CPA). Moreover, experimental simulations and security analyses show that the proposed permutation-diffusion encryption scheme can achieve a satisfactory level of security.

Development and validation of an ultrasound-based interpretable machine learning model for the classification of ≤3cm hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre retrospective diagnostic study.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer the author's view about some of the challenges young Iberoamerican scholars face in order to build a successful research record.Design/methodology/approachThis is an individual account of some of the most common barriers Iberoamerican scholars face when starting their academic career.FindingsThe paper presents some of the difficulties encountered by young scholars, such as motivation, lack of feedback, teaching load, and lack of resources and addresses these challenges in an almost intimate fashion.Originality/valueThe paper uses an idiosyncratic approach to the practical career obstacles faced by a young scholar outside the mainstream academic environment.

Inspired by the recent discovery of the meson in the experiment, we investigate the inclusive production rate of the -odd fully-charmed tetraquarks associated with light hadrons at the factory within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework. The short-distance coefficient is computed at the lowest order of velocity and . Employing two different kinds of phenomenological models to approximately estimate the long-distance NRQCD matrix element, we predict the rate for the inclusive production of the state and discuss the observation prospect of the experiment.

The constitutive relation of concrete under uniaxial compression is the essential theoretical basis for structural analysis of concrete. Because of lack of sufficient stiffness for ordinarily tester, stable falling branch of stress-strain curve cannot be obtained. The common methods to increase rigidity of loading system include direct and indirect method. The condition of realizing the stress-strain complete curve for concrete uniaxial compression is derived. A set of stiffness experimental equipment is designed by using the indirect method, which has the advantages of simple, dependable and strong adaptability. Experiment shows that stress-strain complete curve of uniaxial compression under different strain rate could be achieved by using this equipment and electro-hydraulic loading system of MTS co. ltd. It will lay foundation for putting forward the stress-strain curve equation of uniaxial tension and compression under considering the effect of strain rate. It can provide theoretical basis for structural analysis of concrete.

Densification is a major feature of silica glass that has received widespread attention. This work investigates the fracture behavior of densified silica glass upon uniaxial tension based on atomistic simulations. It is shown that the tensile strength of the silica glass approximately experiences a parabolic reduction with the initial density, while the densified samples show a faster power growth with the increase of strain rate. Meanwhile, the fracture strain and strain energy increase significantly when the densification exceeds a certain threshold, but fracture strain tends to the same value and strain energy becomes closer for different densified samples at extreme high strain rate. Microscopic views indicate that all the cracks are formed by the aggregation of nanoscale voids. The transition from brittleness fracture to ductility fracture can be found with the increase of strain rate, as a few fracture cracks change into a network distribution of many small cracks. Strikingly, for the high densified sample, there appears an evident plastic flow before fracture, which leads to the crack number less than the normal silica glass at the high strain rate. Furthermore, the coordinated silicon analysis suggests that high strain rate tension will especially lead to the transition from 4- to 3-fold Si when the high densified sample is in plastic flow.

To investigate the effect of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) on the progress of dental research from 1986 to 2010. The data regarding the NSFC allocated to dental and craniofacial research from 1986 to 2010 were collected. Total expenses and numbers of the majority of programs and the situation of completed program finished in recent 7 years were provided. From 1986 to 2010, a total of 922 projects and 204 401 thousands Chinese Yuan supported by NSFC were allocated to dental research. The detailed allocations were as follows: general program (564), young scientists fund (258), regional fund (40), key program (11), national science fund for distinguished young scholars (5), major international (regional) joint research program (1), others (43). The grants of talent training increased dramatically. Taking the projects (307) completed between 2003 and 2009 for example, 307 papers were published in Science Citation Index (SCI) included journals and 1049 papers were published on Chinese journals. By the time of completion of the projects, 39 post-doctoral students, 590 students for PhD degree and 670 students for Master degree had been trained. Over the past 25 years, the continuous increase of NSF on dental research has led to substantial achievement, resulting in great progress of dental oral-cranio-facial research.

Mobile technologies and AI enable health data collection from devices, allowing effective monitoring. Traditional methods often compromise privacy, but federated learning (FL) offers a potential solution. However, current FL approaches face two issues: they don’t identify key health features for clinical intervention, and their aggregation overlooks patient multidimensional heterogeneity. This study seeks to develop a new FL method to tackle these challenges and enhance privacy in mobile health monitoring. This study proposes a novel FL method combining (1) a spatial and temporal attention-based prediction model (STA-Pred) that uses attention to identify key spatial and temporal features, and (2) a multidimensional heterogeneity-based aggregation protocol (MDH-Aggr), which aggregates components based on their heterogeneity to handle multidimensional differences. Experiments on three data sets show that our method outperforms existing methods in several patient-monitoring contexts. This study enhances understanding of how to leverage mobile technologies and AI to enable privacy-preserving health monitoring that promotes the social good. Additionally, it advances FL research through two innovative designs (STA-Pred and MDH-Aggr). History: This paper has been accepted by Kaushik Dutta for the Special Issue on Responsible AI and Data Science for Social Good. Funding: Y. Chai, H. Liu, and Y. Liu are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72342011, 72322019, 72188101, and 72402001]. Dr. L. Wang’s work was in part supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72271027], Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 726MS0458], and Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars [Grant XSQD-202216004]. X. Liu is not supported by any funds or associated with any of the abovementioned funds. Supplemental Materials: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0521 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0521 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/.