Meat Proteins as Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors and Glucose Uptake Stimulating Peptides for the Management of a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Silico Study.

Paulina Kęska,Joanna Stadnik,Olga Bąk,Piotr Borowski

doi:10.3390/nu11102537

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease entity currently constituting one of the most significant health problems. The development of effective therapeutic strategies for the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes mellitus based on the selection of methods to restore and maintain blood glucose homeostasis is still in progress. Among the different courses of action, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) can improve blood glucose control in diabetic patients. Pharmacological therapy offering synthetic drugs is commonly used. In addition to medication, dietary intervention may be effective in combating metabolic disturbances caused by diabetes mellitus. Food proteins as a source of biologically active sequences are a potential source of anti-diabetic peptides (DPP-IV inhibitors and glucose uptake stimulating peptides). This study showed that in silico pork meat proteins digested with gastrointestinal enzymes are a potential source of bioactive peptides with a high potential to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Analysis revealed that the sequences released during in silico digestion were small dipeptides (with an average weight of 270.07 g mol−1), and most were poorly soluble in water. The selected electron properties of the peptides with the highest bioactivity index (i.e., GF, MW, MF, PF, PW) were described using the DFT method. The contribution of hydrophobic amino acids, in particular Phe and Trp, in forming the anti-diabetic properties of peptides released from pork meat was emphasized.

Highlights

In recent years, the rate of diabetes mellitus morbidity has systematically grown, becoming one of the most common health problems among people around the world
All the selected proteins—eight myofibrillar and eight sarcoplasmic, presented in Table 1—proved to be a potential source of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors which represented more than half of all of bioactive fragments
The assessment of pork meat proteins as precursors of peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory properties showed that the percentage of the bioactive peptides in general does not depend on the protein fractions and reaches about 31.64% in each of them [36]

Summary

Introduction

The rate of diabetes mellitus morbidity has systematically grown, becoming one of the most common health problems among people around the world. 422 million adults with diabetes mellitus in 2014 (for comparison, 108 million people were reported as having diabetes mellitus in 1980) [1]. Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease associated with abnormal blood glucose levels in the body. It belongs to the group of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) caused by metabolic disorders [1]. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are the main types of diabetes, wherein T2DM is much more common and represents. Some of Nutrients 2019, 11, 2537; doi:10.3390/nu11102537 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion