Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the share of meat, meat products and seafood in the contribution of energy and 22 nutrients to the average Polish diet. Data from the nationally representative sample of Polish population (2016 Household Budget Survey) on meat and seafood product consumption from 38,886 households (n = 99,230) were calculated into one person per month. The analyses were conducted for seven food groups (e.g., red meat, poultry) and 16 products (e.g., beef, chicken). Approximately 18.5% of energy is delivered from the sources such as meat, meat products and seafood, providing a higher percentage of 18 nutrients to the diet (e.g., 56.0% of vitamin B12, 52.3% of niacin, 44.9% of cholesterol, 41.5% of protein, 41.4%of vitamin D, 37.6% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 37.4% of thiamin, 33.8% of zinc, 32.0% of total fats, 30.3% of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 29.6% of vitamin B6, 25.3% of riboflavin, 24.9% of phosphorus, 24.8% of iron, 22.5% of vitamin A, 21.6% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 20.3% of sodium). For the contribution of 18 nutrients and energy, processed meat products were ranked first. These results should be taken into consideration in order to compose diets with adequate energy and nutrient contribution and also to analyze benefits and risk resulting from the current level of consumption of red and processed meat, fish and other seafood.
Highlights
The 22 nutrients examined in this study included: protein, total fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), cholesterol, iron, zinc, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, copper, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and vitamin E
The energy contribution of food groups from the meat and meat products and the seafood categories is presented in Table 2 and Table S1
Meat and meat products are an important component of Polish consumers’ diet and an important source of many nutrients. This analysis determined the contribution of meat, meat products and seafood to energy and 22 nutrients in the average Polish diet; it ranked seven food groups and 16 food products to provide the energy and nutrient contribution
Summary
D [10,13], meat has a very high nutritional value. From the other point of view some epidemiologic and large-scale studies analyzed the association between consumption of red and processed meat and the occurrence of common disease, that is, type 2 diabetes [4,10,16,17], certain types of cancer [10], including esophageal, [18], ovarian [19], breast [20,21], esophagus and liver cancer [22]. Some findings underlined the long-term increasing consumption of red and processed meat leading to the increased risk of total mortality [10,23,24]. Poultry meat is considered moderately protective or neutral on cancer risk [25]
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