Abstract
In the time period 1996-2004, all incident cases of bladder cancer were included in a case-control study in order to study the role of meat consumption and product animals in the etiology of urothelial cancer. The study included 225 cases and 1,510 hospitalized controls with non-neoplastic conditions, not related to smoking and alcohol drinking. Relative risks, approximated by the odds ratios, were calculated in order to clarify the effect of meat consumption in the etiology of urothelial cancer. Total meat consumption (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.02-2.11), total processed meat (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08-2.27), frankfurters (hot dogs) (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.28-3.21), ham (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.21-2.67) and salted meat (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.78-4.18) were positively associated with risk of bladder cancer. Animal products, like cheese, whole milk, and total eggs were also associated with bladder cancer risk (OR for eggs 4.05, 95% CI 2.68-6.12). In conclusion, total meat, processed meat, and eggs could play an important role in the etiology of bladder cancer in Uruguay.
Highlights
Urinary bladder carcinoma is a frequent malignancy among the male Uruguayan population (Barrios et al, 2010)
Like cheese, whole milk, and total eggs were associated with bladder cancer risk (OR for eggs 4.05, 95% CI 2.68-6.12)
Total meat, processed meat, and eggs could play an important role in the etiology of bladder cancer in Uruguay
Summary
Urinary bladder carcinoma (mainly transitional carcinoma) is a frequent malignancy among the male Uruguayan population (age-standardized incidence rate 23.4 per 100,000 men) (Barrios et al, 2010). According to the recent monograph by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (World Cancer Research Fund, 2007) there is limited evidence suggesting that milk and calcium protect against bladder cancer and that arsenic in drinking water is a cause of this malignancy. According to this monograph (World Cancer Research Fund, 2007) meat intake is not a convincing cause of bladder cancer. A multisite case-control conducted in Uruguay (De Stefani et al, 2012) reported an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with processed meat intake. For this reason we decided to conduct a case-control study in Uruguay, in order to explore the relationship between meat consumption and risk of bladder cancer in a high risk country like Uruguay
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