Abstract
Equine athletes can incur musculoskeletal injuries due to repetitive loading during training and competition. Prior to signs of lameness, horse trainers and veterinarians may observe swelling in the distal limbs, where injuries most frequently occur. Early observations may guide modulation of training to manage physiological stress and mitigate risk of injury. However, these observations of changing limb volume can be subjective and imprecise. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and applicability of a tablet-mounted, 3D scanner to measure and record distal limb volumes of horses before and after exercise. Users recorded scans of a cylinder of known volume with errors up to 8%. Experienced users' measures were biased (i.e., consistently overestimated). The scanner was able to detect statistically significant increases in volume for both fore and hind limbs after one jumping session (310-2058 cm3). Age and intensity of workload may play a role in magnitude of limb swelling, but had mixed conclusions between fore and hind limbs. More studies with additional horses must be performed to solidify these relationships. The evaluated 3D scanner is a low-cost, accessible tool that was able to detect changes in limb swelling as a result of exercise and mechanical stress. With continued research, this information may guide training programs to decrease injury and maximize performance of equine athletes in the future.
Highlights
Equine athletes undergo repetitive mechanical loading during training and competition
Five horses (13 ± 6 years old, Table 1) training and competing in showjumping activities participated in the study protocol with owner consent
A 3D scanner was assessed as a low-cost tool to objectively measure and record distal limb volumes in horses before and after exercise
Summary
Equine athletes undergo repetitive mechanical loading during training and competition. This cyclic loading can contribute to stress of musculoskeletal tissues in the limbs [1,2,3,4]. This fatigue contributes to injuries that occur in many different equestrian disciplines [5]. In the case of sport horses in dressage or showjumping, these injuries can compromise a horse’s competitive career and potential by disrupting training with layups and rehabilitation. Modulating training frequency and intensity have the potential to influence stress of musculoskeletal tissues and injury. Assessing each horse’s response individually is critical to tailoring training and mitigating injury
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