Abstract
This chapter discusses measuring tissue PO 2 with microelectrodes. Measurements with excellent spatial and temporal resolution can be obtained with microelectrodes. As a consequence of miniaturization, polarographic currents are smaller, requiring careful electromagnetic shielding and the use of more sensitive electrometers. PO 2 microelectrodes have proven to be extremely valuable tools for understanding O 2 metabolismand transport to different organs and tissues.Concepts related to O 2 electrode theory, PO 2 microelectrode designs and fabrication methods, and an overview of recessed metal alloy microelectrodes , are described are discussed. Basic concepts are described for miniaturized Clark-type PO 2 microelectrodes, etched metal needle-type microelectrodes, hypodermic needle electrodes, and surface PO 2 electrodes, along withapplications of microelectrodes in in vivo tissue PO 2 distributions, analysis of steady-state PO 2 gradients, validation of in vivo optical measurements, and clinical measurements.
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