Abstract
ObjectivesTo test the polymerization stress of nine self-adhesive resin composite cements (G-CEM, iCEM, Bifix SE, Maxcem Elite, PANAVIA SA, SoloCem, SmartCem 2, SpeedCEM, RelyX Unicem 2) and one glass ionomer cement (control group; Ketac Cem).Materials and methodsThe crack propagation of a feldspar ceramic (n = 130) was determined by measuring crack lengths that originated from Vickers indentations, prior to and after the application and polymerization of the self-adhesive resin cements. Results for crack propagation were converted to polymerization stress values, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffé post hoc test.ResultsSmartCem 2 presented higher stress values than iCEM, SoloCem, and Ketac Cem, while Ketac Cem showed lower values than Bifix SE, Maxcem Elite, SmartCem 2, SpeedCEM, and RelyX Unicem 2.ConclusionsSelf-adhesive resin composite cements differ in their polymerization stress, which may affect the durability of the restoration. For restorations made from ceramics with lower flexural strength, such as feldspar ceramics, resin composite cement materials with less polymerization stress should be preferred.Clinical RelevanceAs a high polymerization shrinkage may increase crack propagation, the determination of the polymerization stress of self-adhesive resin composite cements employed for fixing all-ceramic restorations is an important factor.
Highlights
The fixation of all-ceramic restorations with resin composite cements allows for optimal esthetic results, while the powerful bond to the natural tooth can protect and preserve dental hard tissue, as retentive preparations become unnecessary [1]
The shortest crack length of 223.6 ± 11.5 μm was measured within the control group, while the application of RelyX Unicem 2 led to the longest crack length of 236.6 ± 9.5 μm
The crack growth after polymerization is clearly visible on the left side of b; the black arrow indicates a chipping of the ceramic next to the Vickers indentation after polymerization
Summary
The fixation of all-ceramic restorations with resin composite cements allows for optimal esthetic results, while the powerful bond to the natural tooth can protect and preserve dental hard tissue, as retentive preparations become unnecessary [1]. The volume of the material subsequently decreases, as carbon double bonds are converted to carbon single bonds [9, 10]. These transitions result in polymerization stress, as polymerization shrinkage is hindered by the adjoining tooth surface and the resin itself. Polymerization stress is highly dependent on the gel point of the polymer, as within certain limits, shrinkage can be compensated due to a continued flow of the composite before reaching the gel point [11, 12].
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