Abstract

The main hormone in men, testosterone, controls sex differentiation, spermatogenesis, male sex characteristics, and fertility. Low testosterone in men affects several organ systems. Low testosterone affects men's health in physiological ways that affect mood, bone density, muscle mass and strength, and cognitive function. The history, physical examination, clinical symptoms, and testosterone levels are used to make a differential diagnosis. A deficit in iron, commonly brought on by blood loss or other illnesses, results in iron deficiency anemia. The extracellular and intracellular fluids include electrolytes. The main cation and anion in the extracellular fluid are sodium and chloride, respectively. Potassium is the main cation in the intracellular fluid. Electrolytes are essential for preserving homeostasis.

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