Abstract
BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a major health concern. Understanding the different burden and tendency of MM in different regions is crucial for formulating specific local strategies. Therefore, we evaluated the epidemiologic patterns and explored the risk factors for MM death.MethodsData on MM were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. We used incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life-years to estimate the global, regional, and national burden of MM.ResultsIn 2019, there were 155,688 (95% UI, 136,585 – 172,577) MM cases worldwide, of which 84,516 (54.3%, 70,924 – 94,910) were of men. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 1.72/100,000 persons (95% UI, 1.59–1.93) in 1990 and 1.92/100,000 persons (95% UI, 1.68–2.12) in 2019. The number of MM deaths increased 1.19-fold from 51,862 (95% UI, 47,710–58,979) in 1990 to 113,474 (95% UI, 99,527 – 121,735) in 2019; the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was 1.42/100,000 persons (95% UI, 1.24–1.52) in 2019. In recent 15 years, ASDR showed a steady tendency for men, and a downward tendency for women. Countries with high social-demographic indexes exhibited a higher ASIR and ASDR. Australasia, North America, and Western Europe had the highest ASIR and ASDR, with 46.3% incident cases and 41.8% death cases. Monaco had the highest ASIR and ASDR, which was almost half as high as the second highest country Barbados. In addition, United Arab Emirates and Qatar had the largest growth multiple in ASIR and ASDR, which was twice the third country Djibouti.ConclusionsGlobally, incident and death MM cases have more than doubled over the past 30 years. The increasing global burden may continue with population aging, whereas mortality may continue to decrease with the progression of medical technology. The global burden pattern of MM was diverse, therefore specific local strategies based on different burden patterns for MM are necessary.
Highlights
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a major health concern
In 2018, the number of new cases attributed to MM (159,985 new cases, accounting for 0.9% of all new tumors) was almost 1.5 times that of deaths (106,105 new cases account for 1.1% of all cancer deaths) [1]
We updated the data of global burden of MM based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and added the more detailed information of age, sex, socio-demographic index (SDI) and risk factor
Summary
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a major health concern. Understanding the different burden and tendency of MM in different regions is crucial for formulating specific local strategies. The median age at diagnosis of MM is approximately 70 years; 37, 26, and 37% of MM patients were < 65, 65–74 years, ≥ 75 years, respectively [3]. With the progress in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) and new agents, the overall survival of myeloma has significantly prolonged [5,6,7]. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, the 5-year survival rate of MM was 25% in 1975–1977 and 27% in 1987–1989, increasing to 49% during 2005–2011 [8]. Bortezomib and thalidomide/lenalidomide were approved in 2003 and 2006 for the treatment of MM, respectively. These conclusions refers to different periods of time, so current global burden trend should be considered
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