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Abstract
Professional football clubs have a special characteristic not shared by other types of companies: their sport performance (on the field) is important, in addition to their financial performance (off the field). The aim of this paper is to calculate an efficiency measure using a model that combines performance (sport and economic) based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The main factors affecting teams’ efficiency levels are investigated using cluster analysis. For a sample of Spanish football clubs, the findings indicate that clubs achieved a relatively high efficiency level for the period studied, and that the oldest teams with the most assets had the highest efficiency scores. These results could help club managers to improve the performance of their teams.
Highlights
Professional football attracts millions of spectators every season and generates an important volume of jobs and business
After examining the levels of performance of Spanish football teams, a cluster analysis was conducted in order to find out the potential grouping of scores in both efficiency models (CCR and BCC models) based on some relevant variables of the selected clubs
For the pooled sample of the four evaluated seasons, the following variables were studied: (a) size (TS), measured by the total assets collected in the balance sheet of clubs; (b) age (TA), equivalent to years of existence of the different teams since their foundation; and (c) the accounting result (AR) obtained from the profit and loss account submitted by clubs each fiscal year
Summary
Professional football attracts millions of spectators every season and generates an important volume of jobs and business. This activity spills over into multiple economic sectors, such as the hospitality, transport, media, and tourism. Football is an extremely important economic and social activity. The football industry generates economic activity equivalent to 1.37% of gross domestic product (GDP), and each Euro of income from football produces € 4.2 in the rest of the economy. In relation to social responsibility, La Liga invest € 1.72 for each € 100 of income, amounting to an investment ratio double that of other leagues, and 15 times higher than the business world (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2018)
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