Abstract
Instruments for identifying risk of terrorist offenders could help counterterrorism practitioners define parameters of effective rehabilitation and detect a change in risk level of offenders before and after treatment. This study aims to develop Motivation-Ideology-Capability Risk Assessment, known as MIKRA, to examine the level of risk of terrorist offenders. The study involved Indonesian counterter-rorism experts and practitioners for examining the construct validity of MIKRA and terrorist offenders at a maximum-security prison for analysing the external and criterion-related validity. External validity was implemented by comparing offenders’ MIKRA scores with their risk categories reported by Counterterror-rism Special Task Force. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) was also applied to examine MIKRA’s psychometric properties. The results indicate alpha reliability α= 0.933. Furthermore, offenders’ MIKRA scores are correlated significantly with categories of risk released by the official, but not correlated with the non-offenders’ scores. This means MIKRA is valid to investigate risks of terrorist offenders.
Highlights
There has been limited information regarding valid instruments for terrorism risk assessment [1] as well as the indicators of effectiveness of terrorism rehabilitation [2]
According to this model, the effectiveness of ‘deradicalisation’ [7] could be seen at the decrease of criminogenic risk level of offenders who are involved as participants of the programs
RNR was developed for use within correctional services for general offenders, it is plausible that the principles are relevant to the rehabilitation of terrorist offenders
Summary
There has been limited information regarding valid instruments for terrorism risk assessment [1] as well as the indicators of effectiveness of terrorism rehabilitation [2]. The RNR Model proposes that prior to conduct rehabilitation, it is critical to analyse risks and needs of offenders According to this model, the effectiveness of ‘deradicalisation’ (a term used in terrorism rehabilitation) [7] could be seen at the decrease of criminogenic risk level of offenders who are involved as participants of the programs. There is a significant recidivism rate among terrorist offenders, with twenty-three (7.9%) out of the 291 offenders released in the preceding six years returning to terrorism activity [18] These disturbing findings may be due to the absence of a grand strategy for managing terrorist offenders [19] and the unclear parameters of effective rehabilitation [20, 21]. The development of MIKRA instrument may help practitioners responsible in deradicalisation formulate parameters of rehabilitation, distinguishing risk level of offenders before and after treatment, and preventing terrorism recidivism
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