Abstract
This study aimed at identifying the most important factors affecting bee honey production, by performing a comparative study for the economic efficiency and the technical efficiency, data were obtained from field sources in light of a random sample constituted a percentage of 5% taken from honey producers from 51 apiaries at the season of 2018- 2019. The research, in estimating economic efficiency and dividing its components into technical and allocative efficiencies, adopted the data envelopment analysis using the model of entry orientation in light of fixed and variable returns in checking the technical efficiency, and in light of variable capacity return in checking allocative efficiency and cost efficiency, where we note that technical efficiency varied between (0.1-1) with an average of 27%, i.e. the sample is capable of increasing its production by 73% to reach the optimal volume, whereas we note that 96.3% of beekeepers are working with increasing capacity return. The technical efficiency, in light of the variation in capacity return, has varied between 0.5 minimum and 1 maximum with an average of 0.60, and that the apiaries which fell on the possible production curve were 12%. The economic efficiency on the other hand, reached an average of 0.46 and that means the bee breeding farms could achieve the same production level in light of costs reduction of 54%, i.e. capable of producing the current amount using only 46% of the economic resources, and this is attributed to the inadequacy of the allocative efficiency and the improper use of resources. The study recommended the use of amounts that realize the economic efficiency and, the redistribution of resources in a way that guaranties achieving the same level of production or more in light of costs reduction.
Highlights
The increased rates of growth in population and in civilization and awareness levels in medical products and cosmetics increased the demand on these products in general, and on honey in particular, and due to the low level of local production of honey and the lack of knowledge of the extent of production technical efficiency of honey-bee breeders, this created a nutritive gap approached by resorting to import to compensate the deficit in production
The influential factors in the production efficiency of beekeepers should be determined and that the production of honey is usually influenced by the level of employing economic resources and their production efficiency, but, due to the rarity of these resources apt for different uses and – as we think- the low level of efficiency in use, it became necessary to study this important activity and to determine the economic efficiency (EE) and its components, being the most important criterion of the economic performance efficiency, to determine the distance to which the beekeepers are standing from realizing economic efficiency
Data Envelopment Analysis Method (DEA) has been used in this research and it is one of the quantitative methods used to rationalize administrative decisions; it is an instrument that uses linear programming to measure technical efficiency through the determination of the optimal combination of inputs, the reason for this name of this method is that economic units of technical efficiency envelop the inefficient economic units, and data of economic units which use inputs less than others are analyzed[1]
Summary
The increased rates of growth in population and in civilization and awareness levels in medical products and cosmetics increased the demand on these products in general, and on honey in particular, and due to the low level of local production of honey and the lack of knowledge of the extent of production technical efficiency of honey-bee breeders, this created a nutritive gap approached by resorting to import to compensate the deficit in production Bridging this gap could be achieved by raising the productivity of this food commodity through making available the requirements of complete exploitation of productive potentials of the farms. This study aimed at measuring the efficiency of economic performance of beekeepers in Nineveh governorate for the season 2018-2019 through measuring the economic efficiency with its two folds; the technical and the allocative, as well as determining the amount of resources required to realize economic efficiency and to know the deficit and the surplus in the used economic resources of beekeeping projects
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