Abstract
With the expansion of the concept of sustainable development, it has become increasingly important to investigate the means for achieving sustainable eco-economic development. On the basis of Landsat imagery of Hengduan Mountain area of China acquired in 1990, 2000, and 2010, we analyzed the coordination relationships, evolution characteristics, and aggregation modes of the economy and ecology in this region using ecosystem service value (ESV) and ecological economic harmony (eco-economic harmony, EEH) models. The following results were obtained. (1) There was a significant transition in land cover, wherein grassland increased the most and farmland decreased the most, by 1.18 × 104 km2 and 9.41 × 103 km2, respectively. These trends were related to urban expansion and the implementation of ecological measures; (2) From 1990 to 2000, there was a deterioration in the ecological system, whereas after 2000, the ecosystem improved due to implementation of the Chinese government’s “Returning Farmland to Forest (Grassland)” scheme, thereby illustrating the importance of forest to ecosystem stability; (3) Spatially, the EEH index showed a dual-core structure centered on a low conflict zone and potential crisis zone, which signified that there was a trend of coordinated development between the economy and ecology; however, this was not stable; (4) There were four types of EEH evolution zones—low conflict, potential crisis, slight improvement, and significant improvement zones—of which the improvement zones accounted for 55.15% of the area, thereby indicating that over time the economy has played a positive role in shaping the ecological environment; (5) The spatial aggregation modes of EEH evolution were band coordinated mode, group uncoordinated mode and group improvement mode, which meant the relationship of ecology and economy was always in lowest coordinated state in a banded form, in uncoordinated state and a significant increase in a block form, respectively. These modes were intended to provide a reference for the sustainable development in southwest China.
Highlights
Industrialization and urbanization are important symbols of the level of countries’ economic and sociobiological development [1]
We explored the coordinated development of the ecology and economy of Hengduan Mountain area, and discuss functional partitioning and evolutionary modelling of the ecosystem and economy in this area
From 1990 to 2010, there were significant decreases in the area of farmland and forest, which promoted a fluctuating downward trend in the ecosystem service values of Hengduan Mountain area, thereby signifying that the ecological system in this area was in the process of deterioration
Summary
Industrialization and urbanization are important symbols of the level of countries’ economic and sociobiological development [1]. Because of heavy industrial development and imperfect pollution control measures, a large amount of energy was consumed, different kinds of pollutants were directly discharged without any treatments, and the ecological environment was seriously damaged, especially in developing countries [2,3]. Urbanization promotes population and industry aggregation, which has caused land cover changes, and damaged food and ecological security [5]. The pursuit of economic development and ecological security is a contradiction; the coordination degree of the two will affect the health and sustainability of regional development [7,8]. Research regarding the relationship between ecological and economic system has been necessary and prevalent [9,10]
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