Abstract
Financing long-term care for elderly people is a crucial issue, either towards the family members or the care institution. Corresponding with the growing number of ageing population in Malaysia, there’s a need of concern on the uncertaintiness of future family care and the need for long-term care services. This changing pattern of healthcare and cost over individual’s lifetime is a key component in actuarial field in developing assumptions and projecting the costs. This paper examined the determinants of awareness towards long-term care preparation among employed adults in Malaysia, between public and private sector employees and also between men and women. 1,000 close-ended questionnaires were distributed to random employees in Malaysia and 450 responds were collected. Two tests were analysed using multiple regression analysis. The results from the regression among employees from different sector shows that dependency and health status are significant towards the awareness of preparing for long-term care cost. However, their financial literacy for long-term care cost during old age are still very low. Another result shows that only health status shows a significant result among women compared to men. These results indicate the level of awareness on financing long-term care cost among employees in Malaysia are still low and needs attention.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) had developed internal air quality (IAQ) guidelines for dampness and management of mould in indoor building environment (WHO, 2009)
This paper focusing on the analysis of factors that contributes to the mould growth in an indoor library environment
The sites were surveyed with the following criteria: (a) The collection of library building characterization data based on direct inspection and interviews with library officers; (b) The library characterization including measurement of temperature and humidity, lighting and air conditioning systems; (c) Physical examination of the building and inspection of sites that has been wetted or showed mould growth; and (d) Mould sampling and analysis
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) had developed internal air quality (IAQ) guidelines for dampness and management of mould in indoor building environment (WHO, 2009). The water content and moisture in materials can support mould growth. It is important to eliminate the source of water in an indoor library environment. The remediation and action should be carried out immediately when the sign of dampness appear in the building. It will cause mould growth and increased the risk of exposure to dampness appear in the building. It will cause mould growth and increased the risk of exposure to the microbial flora, airborne spores and volatile toxin (Singh, 1999). This paper focusing on the analysis of factors that contributes to the mould growth in an indoor library environment. The variable parameters of mould growth that had been discussed in the earlier research progress paper will be analysed further in this paper
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