Abstract
The European Space Agency (ESA) lofted two satellites into orbit atop a single launch vehicle on 2 November: the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission and the second demonstration satellite under ESA's Project for Onboard Autonomy (Proba‐2). SMOS, the first satellite designed to map sea surface salinity and monitor soil moisture on a global scale, features the Microwave Imaging Radiometer Using Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), an interferometer that connects 69 receivers to measure the temperature of the reflection of Earth's surface in the microwave frequency range.
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