Measuring Sleep Orthopnea using the Angle of Bed in Heart Failure to Assess Readiness for Discharge

Abstract

Background Few reliable, non-invasive clinical markers have been identified for evaluating readiness for discharge in patients with heart failure. Worsening sleep orthopnea, including the use of additional pillows, has long been considered a sign of worsening heart failure symptoms, however in the hospital the adjusted angle of the bed could be another way to assess sleep orthopnea. This study examined variation in the angle of the bed, whether the angle of bed the night prior to discharge could be useful as a non-invasive clinical indicator and whether there is a relationship between the angle of bed while patients are sleeping the night prior to discharge and 30-day readmission. Objectives It was hypothesized that the angle of the head of bed the night prior to discharge from the index admission would be higher in patients who are readmitted within 30 days of discharge. In addition, it was hypothesized that the correlation between angle of bed and amount of diuresis would allow for use of angle of bed as a clinical indicator. Methods In this prospective observational study, nurses measured the angle at which patients self-adjusted the bed for nighttime sleeping. Patients from a progressive cardiac care unit were included if the primary admitting diagnosis was volume overload related to heart failure. Results Patients (n = 145) were 46.2% female, 46.2% African American with a mean age of 63.4 ± 14.7 years. Mean length of stay was 12.5 ± 10.5 days, and 22.8% were readmitted within 30 days. The average angle of bed prior to discharge was 29.1 ± 18.7 degrees and only 13% were able to lay flat while sleeping on the night prior to discharge. There was a significant difference between the highest and lowest angle of HOB (p Conclusions We did not demonstrate the utility of angle of bed the night prior to discharge as a marker of readiness for discharge in patients with heart failure. However, this innovative, nurse-led project did demonstrate that angle of bed is non-invasive and easy to capture. Further studies should consider the role of angle of bed as an indication of orthopnea and in evaluating readiness for discharge during a heart failure admission.