Measuring quantum correlations using lossy photon-number-resolving detectors with saturation

Abstract

The variance of difference of photocounts (VDPs) is an established measure of quantum correlations for quantum states of light. It enables us to discriminate between the classical correlation of a two-mode coherent state and the quantum correlation of a twin-beam state. We study the effect of loss and saturation of the photon number-resolving detector on the measurement of the VDPs. An analytic function is derived for this variance, both for the coherent and the twin-beam states. It is found that the VDPs is no longer a reliable entanglement measure in the nonlinear regime of the detector response but it remains useful in some range of values of average photon numbers of the incident light. We also quantify the linear regime of the detector with saturation which will be useful for calibration of the detector quantum efficiency.