Abstract
In contemporary wood science, computer-aided engineering (CAE) systems are commonly used for designing and engineering of high-value products. In diverse CAE systems, high-fidelity models with a full material description, including elastic constants such as Poisson’s ratios, are needed. Only few studies have dealt so far with the investigation of the Poisson’s ratio of spruce wood (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) or wood in general. Therefore, in the present study all six main Poisson’s ratios of spruce wood were determined in uniaxial tensile experiments by employing optical gauging techniques like electronic speckle pattern interferometry and a combination of laser and video extensometry. Consistent results for the Poisson’s ratios were found by applying these different optical gauging techniques. However, values found in the literature are sometimes considerably different from values established in this study. For that reason, the optical gauging techniques were evaluated with a conventional mechanical extensometer, which proved that there were no significant differences between the established measurements. Finally, in this study the feasibility of different non-contact optical gauging techniques was evaluated and compared through the comparison of the Poisson’s ratios, which showed that non-contact optical gauging techniques are suitable for establishing the Poisson’s ratio of (spruce) wood.
Highlights
Nowadays, computer-aided engineering (CAE) methods such as finite-element modeling (FEM) are used for designing and engineering of high-value products
The present study focuses on determining the Poisson’s ratio of spruce wood in all main orthogonal directions by means of the non-contact optical gauging techniques Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI), laser extensometry and video extensometry, respectively
The quantified moduli of elasticity and densities are in the expected magnitude range of spruce wood
Summary
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) methods such as finite-element modeling (FEM) are used for designing and engineering of high-value products. For anisotropic materials like wood, the Poisson’s ratio for one orthogonal direction is the ratio of the transverse contraction (transverse strain (εq)), to the axial extension (axial strain (εl)). These parameters have mainly been investigated in the last 4–5 decades by mechanical or electrical measurement systems (e.g., strain gauges, mechanical extensometer systems, inductive strain measurement devices), because of the lack of availability and the high price of optical measurement systems (Davis 2004). Further substantial studies on spruce wood were carried out by Wommelsdorff (1966) and Neuhaus (1981) They determined the six orthotropic Poisson’s ratios using inductive strain measurement devices and strain gauges by means of tensile and flexure experiments. DIC is a non-contact optical surface deformation gauging technique (Chu et al 1985; Zink et al 1995; Pan et al 2009; Valla et al 2011)
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