Measuring Organizational Performance as a Dependent Variable: Towards Methodological Best Practice

Abstract

Organizational performance is one of the most important constructs in management research. We review the contexts that frame organizational performance as a dependent variable with specific emphasis on how it is operationalized and measured. The research contexts of past studies are firmly anchored around a multidimensional conceptualization of organizational performance related predominately to stakeholders, heterogeneous market circumstances, and time. The review of the operationalization and measurement of performance highlights the limited effectiveness of commonly accepted measurement practices in tapping this multidimensionality. By synthesizing the literature, the foundations are laid for the improved measurement of performance in management research. We conclude with a call for research that examines the effectiveness of triangulation utilizing multiple measures, applies longitudinal data and brings to bear alternative methodological formulations as means of appropriately aligning research contexts with the measurement of organizational performance. Validating these measurement approaches is an important agenda for further research. Previous Title: Measuring Organizational Performance in Management Research: A Synthesis of Measurement Challenges and Approaches