Abstract
Recent advances in milli- and microscale fluidics have led to the miniaturization of liquid-liquid extraction systems. Carryover is a primary mode of failure in these systems, where unwanted liquid appears at the outlet of the opposite phase. Active monitoring of carryover is key to realizing automation and deployment of such fluidic technologies. In this paper, we present an inexpensive sensor and simple methods of analysis to quantify carryover. The sensor measures the volume composition of immiscible liquids using off-the-shelf tubing, a LED light source, a linear CMOS sensor, and shadowgraphy. Beam4 optical modeling is included to provide insight into this sensor's optical behavior. We report measurements of single and two-phase flows and explore average pixel ratio (signal:background) and menisci counting analyses. As an added benefit, we use average pixel ratio to identify bulk liquids and their constituents, specifically toluene, water, and 0–50 wt% sucrose in water.
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