Abstract
ABSTRACT Distance education theories indicate the importance of learner–content interaction and discuss it in conjunction with learner–instructor and learner–learner interaction. The measures of learner–content interaction are inconsistent and often measure learner–learner and learner–instructor interaction only. Using content analysis, this study examined 107 manuscripts to understand how learner–content interaction is currently measured to identify what constructs are being considered and the measurement tools being used. Results report 113 different measurement tools in use, showing a large variety of measurement items. Most tools were designed for specific cases and not built upon other relevant tools. A universal learner–content interaction measurement tool must consider being proactive; having strong pedagogical base, learner agency, motivation, and engagement; and measure a variety of learning experiences.
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