Abstract
BackgroundThe Child Abuse Blame Scale – Physical Abuse (CABS-PA) was translated into Japanese and its subscale items modified by the authors according to the Japanese cultural context. The aim of the current study was to investigate the appropriateness, reliability, and clinical applicability of the CABS-PA Japanese version (CABS-PA-J). Modifications were made to enable the determination of child abuse recognition in a Japanese cultural setting and early clinical intervention in child abuse cases.MethodsThe CABS-PA text was translated into Japanese, then back translated. The appropriateness of scale item translations was verified based on e-mail discussions with the original CABS-PA author. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the validity of CABS-PA-J responses and to confirm the validity of factor structure. Criterion-related validity was also confirmed. The Japanese scale was used to examine the characteristic differences between mothers of premature infants (< 1500 g) and those of other infants (≧ 1500 g).ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses found the factor structure to be similar between the original scale and the translated CABS-PA-J, suggesting adequate factor validity. There was a statistically significant correlation between social support from a spouse or third party and the abuse score on a subscale, partially demonstrating criterion-referenced validity. Similarities and differences were found in the stress reactions of the mothers of premature infants (< 1500 g) and those of other infants (≧ 1500 g).ConclusionCABS-PA-J was shown to be appropriate and reliable. It is an effective tool for determining the recognition of child abuse among Japanese mothers.
Highlights
The Child Abuse Blame Scale – Physical Abuse (CABS-PA) was translated into Japanese and its subscale items modified by the authors according to the Japanese cultural context
These include the child's contribution, as misbehavior, to abuse; various environmental events that act as parental stressors; social acceptance of corporal punishment; and parental control of angry impulses
We examined the validity of respondents' answers using the following two scales: the socially desirable scale (SDS) [12] and the lie scale (LS)
Summary
The Child Abuse Blame Scale – Physical Abuse (CABS-PA) was translated into Japanese and its subscale items modified by the authors according to the Japanese cultural context. Modifications were made to enable the determination of child abuse recognition in a Japanese cultural setting and early clinical intervention in child abuse cases. An increasing number of child abuse cases are being reported in Japan. Several contributing factors to this phenomenon have been pointed out: The number of nuclear families, who receive less sufficient support for childcare and may abuse children, has increased with changes in society [1] and society has become more aware of child abuse due to frequent media coverage of the problem, which may have resulted in increased criminal conduct [1,2]. Unraveling the causes of child abuse requires consideration of individual, family, community, and cultural influences, and how they interact dynamically during the critical formation of the parentchild relationship. The complexity of the parent-child relationship may make the prediction of child abuse difficult
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