Abstract
To measure biosignals constantly, using textile-integrated or even textile-based electrodes and miniaturized electronics, is ideal to provide maximum comfort for patients or athletes during monitoring. While in former times, this was usually solved by integrating specialized electronics into garments, either connected to a handheld computer or including a wireless data transfer option, nowadays increasingly smaller single circuit boards are available, e.g., single-board computers such as Raspberry Pi or microcontrollers such as Arduino, in various shapes and dimensions. This review gives an overview of studies found in the recent scientific literature, reporting measurements of biosignals such as ECG, EMG, sweat and other health-related parameters by single circuit boards, showing new possibilities offered by Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc. in the mobile long-term acquisition of biosignals. The review concentrates on the electronics, not on textile electrodes about which several review papers are available.
Highlights
IntroductionAs glued electrodes for ECG measurements and rigid systems for other measurements are uncomfortable in long-term usage, many approaches to integrate electrodes into clothes or to prepare textile-based electrodes have been reported during the last decades [11,12,13,14,15,16]
Other possible applications are met in many sports disciplines [4,5,6], or even in human-machine interfaces (HMIs), e.g., to control a prosthesis, an exoskeleton, or a robot [7,8,9,10]
As glued electrodes for ECG measurements and rigid systems for other measurements are uncomfortable in long-term usage, many approaches to integrate electrodes into clothes or to prepare textile-based electrodes have been reported during the last decades [11,12,13,14,15,16]. While these attempts result in increasingly reliable soft textile electrodes and sensors for the detection of ECG and many other biosignals, data evaluation still necessitates either rigid electronics or highly specialized flexible electronics, which are not available for all research groups in the textile or medical area [17,18,19]
Summary
As glued electrodes for ECG measurements and rigid systems for other measurements are uncomfortable in long-term usage, many approaches to integrate electrodes into clothes or to prepare textile-based electrodes have been reported during the last decades [11,12,13,14,15,16] While these attempts result in increasingly reliable soft textile electrodes and sensors for the detection of ECG and many other biosignals, data evaluation still necessitates either rigid electronics or highly specialized flexible electronics, which are not available for all research groups in the textile or medical area [17,18,19].
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