Measuring appraisal during advanced cancer: Psychometric testing of the appraisal of caregiving scale

Abstract

ObjectiveExamine the psychometric properties of the Appraisal of Caregiving Scale (ACS). MethodsData were collected as part of the FOCUS Program trial in Michigan (N=484 caregivers). ResultsExploratory factor analysis found the ACS measured Threat, General Stress, and Benefit appraisals. Cronbach's alphas for all subscales exceeded 0.70. Construct validity analyses indicated the Threat subscale correlated significantly with concepts of avoidant coping, burden, and dyadic support (r>0.30). General Stress correlated significantly with burden (r=0.348) and dyadic support (r=−0.373), and the Benefit subscale correlated significantly with active coping (r=0.444). Known group analyses indicated that depressed caregivers had higher Threat and General Stress scores than non-depressed caregivers. Also, younger caregivers reported significantly higher scores on the General Stress subscale than older caregivers. Predictive validity analyses found appraisal scores at baseline accounted for 33.3% of the variance in hopelessness and 27.8% of the variance in depression at Time 2. Conclusion and practice implicationsThe ACS is a reliable measure of Threat, General Stress, and Benefit appraisals, with some support for its validity. Health professionals may find the ACS useful for guiding intervention development. Future research should continue to examine the ACS’ validity.