Abstract
Multiple feeding modes, including walking, bus, private bike, docked bike-sharing, private electric bike (e-bike), car, and taxi, are applied for better accessibility in a metro-based trip. It is crucial to understand their access/egress distances and corresponding catchment areas of metro stations. This paper determines these two distances and accessible areas of stations for different feeding modes based on Nanjing Population Survey data and GIS data by using a network-based approach in Nanjing, China. Considering the distribution of access/egress distance, regression models are established for the exploration of the threshold of distance to delineate catchment areas. What is more, the spatio-temporal characteristics of multiple feeding modes are analyzed. The results indicate that the average feeding distance of walking is the shortest, but docked bike-sharing has the shortest average feeding time, about 8 min. The average feeding time of private e-bikes is close to that of the private bike, but the feeding distance of private e-bikes is about 1.3 times as long as that of private bikes. Moreover, the origin of an over-10 km transfer for accessing metro stations is usually far away from metro lines and the transferring station is mostly the terminal station. Generally, longer access distance means larger catchment area but the result is also influenced by the condition of street network. Moreover, catchment areas for the same feeding modes are different between urban and suburban areas.
Highlights
Metro has become a promising means for alleviating congestion and mitigating environmental issues caused by automobiles [1]
Deep understanding of access/egress distances and catchment areas for different feeding modes is required for seamless connection between metro and other modes
As valid observations show, is dominant in both access and egress stages, accounting for 71.22% and 69.6%, respectively. This conclusion is consistent with the previous findings [4,39]. Following it is the bus, which takes up 11.73% of access trips to metro and 13% of metro egress trips
Summary
Metro has become a promising means for alleviating congestion and mitigating environmental issues caused by automobiles [1]. Regarded as a sustainable travel mode, metro usually does not provide door-to-door service to travelers [2]. A metro-based urban trip consists of at least three segments: an access segment from origins to metro stations, an in-metro segment, and an egress segment from stations to final destinations, involving transfers among multiple modes [3]. The integration of metro with other feeding modes usually enhances the accessibility of metro-based trips. Deep understanding of access/egress distances and catchment areas for different feeding modes is required for seamless connection between metro and other modes. At the same time, determining access distances, egress distances, and catchment areas of metro stations for multiple feeding modes helps formulate targeted strategies to improve walking-related facilities, adjust bus lines, locate docked bike-sharing points, and tap the potential of mode shift for car users [4,5]
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