Measures and business model approaches to facilitate the diffusion and integration of energy communities—A special focus on the Austrian case

Abstract

Despite energy communities’ (ECs) large potential to contribute to the energy transition, they are still the exception rather than the rule. Thus, the objective of this study is to elaborate on measures to facilitate the diffusion and integration of ECs in the energy landscape. This is done by analysing the relations of ECs and their stakeholders as well as identifying their obligations and possibilities. Based on that, gaps hindering increased diffusion and integration of ECs in the energy landscape can be derived, and measures defined. It is found that increased cooperation of ECs and established stakeholders such as electricity suppliers, energy service providers, aggregators and distribution grid operators (DSOs) would help, which requires the development of novel business models. Approaches to such business models are tackled in this study. Also, allowing ECs to take on new roles – such as becoming DSOs – or engage in multiple activities such as community-to-community trading, trading to third parties or directly on the market can aid in the diffusion and integration process. Policy decision makers are advised to act timely, carefully evaluate which measures need to be anchored in legislation, and which can be put into practice only be providing additional incentives.