Abstract
The development and improvement of monitoring techniques to measure the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere are a starting point to guarantee high levels of human health and environmental safety. The combination of lidar and dial techniques, by measuring backscattering signals and reconstructing the map of their concentrations, can be used to provide detailed information about the presence of aerosols, particulate and pollutions. Moreover, by using a multiwavelength approach, it is possible to increase the measurement accuracy and reliability. In this work, the dial approach is used to monitor the pollution in a very congested urban area with high traffic. In order to provide a validation of the results, correlation analyses between the measured pollutants was performed. A new lidar analysis method, based on the least-square minimization technique, was introduced and demonstrated to work properly. The dial capability to detect polluted areas was shown—and by correlation analysis—also the possibility to identify the source of pollutions can be performed.
Highlights
Low atmosphere monitoring is an important issue to ensure a good quality of the air, which is essential to avoid people exposition to dangerous or lethal doses of hazardous chemicals [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Industries and vehicles are the main sources of pollutions: carbon dioxide (CO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx ), nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and particulate matters are the major compounds of exhaust gases, and ammonia (NH3 ) and other gases are emitted and released in the atmosphere, while others form due to secondary chemical reactions, such as ozone (O3 )
The large values of the extinction coefficient—which were usually observed in clouds—indicate that over the roundabout there was a large extinction of the light in the infrared region, probably due to the emissions of greenhouses gases and other chemicals
Summary
Low atmosphere (troposphere) monitoring is an important issue to ensure a good quality of the air, which is essential to avoid people exposition to dangerous or lethal doses of hazardous chemicals [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Industries and vehicles are the main sources of pollutions: carbon dioxide (CO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOx ), nitrogen oxides (NOx ) and particulate matters are the major compounds of exhaust gases, and ammonia (NH3 ) and other gases are emitted and released in the atmosphere, while others form due to secondary chemical reactions, such as ozone (O3 ). In all cases, monitoring of the environment may help in providing alarms and ensuring the right countermeasures, decreasing the possible consequences of an off-normal release [13]
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