Abstract
In the ocean, natural and artificial processes generate clouds of bubbles which scatter and attenuate sound, and the structure of these clouds (i.e., the space-dependent bubble size distribution and void fraction) evolves over time. Measurements have shown that at the individual bubble resonance frequency (IBRF), sound propagation in this medium is highly attenuated and dispersive. Theory to explain this behavior exists in the literature and is experimentally verified away from resonance. However, due to excessive attenuation near resonance and the high degree of sensitivity to bubble population parameters, little adequate experimental data exists for comparison and theory remains largely unverified. Using an impedance tube, the time-dependent attenuation has been measured in a nonstationary laboratory bubbly fluid at IBRF, along with measurements of the accompanying time-dependent bubble population parameters. The relative variability of the measured maximum attenuation and the frequency at which it occurred agreed closely with existing theory. [Work supported by ONR.]
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