Abstract
In this work, linear and nonlinear optical properties of two types of Iraqi heavy crude oil extracted from fields in southern Iraq were determined. The nonlinear optical properties were measured utilizing Z-scan technology with He-Ne laser at 632.8 nm. It was found that nonlinear refractive index (NLR) values for the Basra and Kut heavy crude oil samples are 6.34381×10-4 and 8.25108×10-4 cm2/mW, respectively, while those for the nonlinear absorption coefficient (NLA) are 2.68942×10-5 and 2.58874×10-5 , respectively. These results showed that the two samples with linear and nonlinear optical properties can be used in optics field applications as optical limiter devices at a wavelength of 632.8 nm.
Highlights
Crude oil is a black liquid with a high viscosity that is extracted from the ground by special exploration operations
The American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water; if API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks [2]
The heavy crude oil of Basra has an API value of 24° according to the Exxon Mobil index table
Summary
Crude oil is a black liquid with a high viscosity that is extracted from the ground by special exploration operations. This work examines the linear and non-linear optical properties of two heavy crude oil samples extracted from the Basra and Kut fields in southern Iraq by Z-scan technique to study these characteristics in suitable applications. In CA, when a laser beam is passed through the sample, its refractive index will change the output intensity. A sample of the material under investigation is moved through the focus of a laser beam, and the beam radius (or the on-axis intensity) is measured at some point behind the focus as a function of the sample position (Figure-1). A TEM00 Gaussian beam has the highest intensity at the center and will produce a change in the index of refraction, creating a lens in the tested sample. The measured laser intensity ( ) is 67634.71 mW cm-2 and the radius of the beam at the iris ( ) is 15114.6496 nm
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