Abstract
Transurethral ureteral lithotripsy (TUL) is a treatment that breaks stones by irradiating a pulsed laser through an optical fiber. Heat and impulsive force of the laser may affect nearby tissues during treatment. A bubble induced by the pulsed laser plays an important role in laser lithotripsy. It is important to understand effects of the bubble on the surroundings by simulating treatment in a narrow space such as in a ureter. In this study, we observe behaviors of the bubble in the narrow space inside a soft material simulating under in vivo condition. The bubble formed under various laser irradiation conditions exhibits characteristic behavior, and the surrounding elastic wall is compressed and bulged when the bubble grows and collapses. In the case of bubble formed near the elastic wall, the bubble contacts with the elastic wall during growth, and severe large deformation of the elastic wall is observed at bubble collapse. According to the temperature measurement, a temperature rise of 25℃ - 30℃ occurs in the area where the bubbles are in contact. From the above, by presenting the deformation of the elastic wall and temperature increase, we can show useful information to improve the safety for treatment at narrow space.
Highlights
Extracorporeal shock waves, focused ultrasound, and transurethral ureteral lithotripsy (TUL) have been used effectively for treatment of calculi in the human body [1]-[10]
The bubble formed under various laser irradiation conditions exhibits characteristic behavior, and the surrounding elastic wall is compressed and bulged when the bubble grows and collapses
In the case of bubble formed near the elastic wall, the bubble contacts with the elastic wall during growth, and severe large deformation of the elastic wall is observed at bubble collapse
Summary
Extracorporeal shock waves, focused ultrasound, and transurethral ureteral lithotripsy (TUL) have been used effectively for treatment of calculi in the human body [1]-[10]. The authors investigated the relationship between the bubble behavior near the rigid wall and the impact on the laser-induced bubble through the fiber, presented the conditions for the formation of the bubble that gives the optimal impact on the rigid wall, and behavior of bubble formed in a narrow space with the two flat plates [22] [23] [24]. Such growth and collapse of bubbles formed by evaporation of water at the irradiation point occur near the elastic wall even for a short time. In order to investigate the temperature rise on the elastic wall caused by the contact of the bubble, the temperature field around the bubble in a large free space filled with water was measured using a thermocouple, albeit time-averaged
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