Abstract
Global warming, as the result of the negative impact of humans on climate change, has been observed based on various data sources. Various measures have aimed to reduce anthropogenic factors, and also to lower carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane CH4 emissions. One of the main contributors to anthropogenic factors is organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. There are many landfills where cost-effective rapid technologies for the identification and quantification of CH4 emission sites are not applied. There is still a need for the development of accessible and cost-effective methods that react in a real-time manner for the rapid detection and monitoring of methane emissions. This paper’s main goal is to create a prototype sensor suitable for operational measurement of the gas value, suitable for integration into geodetic equipment or an unmanned aerial vehicle system. A sensor system (device) was developed, which consisted of three semiconductor sensors—MQ2, MQ4, and MQ135—which aimed to capture flammable gases (CO2, CH4, O2 purity) and to evaluate the averages of the measured values from the components mounted on the board—the semiconductor sensors. The sensors were calibrated in a laboratory and tested in a closed landfill. The measurement data consisted of the read resistances (analog signal) from the MQ2, MQ4, and MQ135 sensors, and the relative humidity and the temperature (digital signal) of the DHT2 sensor with a timestamp calculated by the RTC module. The use of the method was confirmed because the sensors reacted as expected when placed in the vicinity of the gas collection well. Furthermore, the sensor will be tested and improved for field work in landfill sites.
Highlights
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are one of the main drivers of climate change [1,2].It is important to monitor and forecast the release of GHG, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and methane (CH4) into the environment
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are among the important contributors of CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere
This subsection presents the measurement results obtained with the developed sensor array
Summary
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are one of the main drivers of climate change [1,2].It is important to monitor and forecast the release of GHG, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and methane (CH4) into the environment. At the points where the gas emissions from the landfill surface are detected, the gas flow density and emission flow are calculated. Atmospheric emissions (CO2, CH4 and N2O) can be determined with a Dräger multi-channel analyser X-am 7000 [3]. This sensor complies with the European Union Directive 94/9/EC for biogas meters. Based on the performed gas concentration measurements in the “flow box” and the calculation results, a graph of the gas concentration change over time is plotted and a repeated monitoring report is prepared. A disadvantage of a closed gas flow measuring box is that the measurements are performed occasionally, e.g., several times a year to estimate seasonal or annual gas flow [5]. Uncontrolled emissions occurring in between the measurements are missed
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