Abstract
Abstract. Tooth crown morphological features, studied in palaeoanthropology, provide valuable information about human evolution and development of civilization. Tooth crown morphology represents biological and historical data of high taxonomical value as it characterizes genetically conditioned tooth relief features averse to substantial changes under environmental factors during lifetime. Palaeoanthropological studies are still based mainly on descriptive techniques and manual measurements of limited number of morphological parameters. Feature evaluation and measurement result analysis are expert-based. Development of new methods and techniques in 3D imaging creates a background provides for better value of palaeoanthropological data processing, analysis and distribution. The goals of the presented research are to propose new features for automated odontometry and to explore their applicability to paleoanthropological studies. A technique for automated measuring of given morphological tooth parameters needed for anthropological study is developed. It is based on using original photogrammetric system as a teeth 3D models acquisition device and on a set of algorithms for given tooth parameters estimation.
Highlights
As an extension to previously reported odontometric techniques used for the development of tooth preparation techniques applied in prosthetic dentistry, we suggested an approach to the measurements of human molars with regard to inclination of their inner and outer cuspal slopes
Our measurement methods are based on a combination of 3D and 2D tooth image analysis. 3D images of teeth are obtained by means of photogrammetry on a specially designed optical system and a dental laboratory laser scanner as well
Our studies have proven effective in describing tooth shape and occlusion (Gaboutchian, 2011), and measurement automation (Knyaz and Gaboutchian, 2016)
Summary
As an extension to previously reported odontometric techniques used for the development of tooth preparation techniques applied in prosthetic dentistry, we suggested an approach to the measurements of human molars with regard to inclination of their inner and outer cuspal slopes. Modifications determined by reductional complex – including decrease in the number of premolar and molar cusps, lateral incisor reduction, tooth size diminution up to complete reduction (upper lateral incisor, third molar), merging of roots – have been developed in various groups unevenly throughout historical periods and variably regarding feature combinations. These circumstances are of high importance in ethnical odontology and palaeoodontology (Zubov, 1968). Territory of our country would provide for their potential preservation for studies in the future
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