Abstract
Primary ship waves generated by conventional marine vessels were investigated in the Furusund fairway located in the Stockholm archipelago, Sweden. Continuous water level measurements at two locations in the fairway were analyzed. In total, 466 such events were extracted during two months of measurements. The collected data were used to evaluate 13 existing predictive equations for drawdown height or squat. However, none of the equations were able to satisfactorily predict the drawdown height. Instead, a new equation for drawdown height and period was derived based on simplified descriptions of the main physical processes together with field measurements, employing multiple regression analysis to derive coefficients in the equation. The proposed equation for drawdown height performed better than the existing equations with an R2 value of 0.65, whereas the equation for the drawdown period was R2 = 0.64. The main conclusion from this study is that an empirical equation can satisfactorily predict primary ship waves for a large data set.
Highlights
Shorelines are important natural infrastructures along our coasts since they provide ecosystem services in the form of erosion mitigation, biological diversity, and recreational and aesthetic values [1]
Even though the primary waves are generated by relatively few ships which are sailing at comparable speeds during each passage, there is a significant variation in the drawdown height and wave period within each category
Simplified, predictive equations for ship waves can be very useful for initial estimates of primary wave heights or long-term impact assessment for shorelines along a fairway
Summary
Shorelines are important natural infrastructures along our coasts since they provide ecosystem services in the form of erosion mitigation, biological diversity, and recreational and aesthetic values [1]. Empirical models for predicting ship waves can, be useful for assessment of whether such waves may cause problems, especially in pilot studies, in the design phase of a shoreline protection project or for long-term assessment of ship wave impact on shorelines. The latter type of assessment is not feasible to perform through numerical modelling studies since it is computationally expensive and requires detailed hull geometries for many different ships. There is a knowledge gap regarding how well existing empirical equations perform in navigational channels with varying geometry
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